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Tag Archives: history

Historical Ecology and Brittle Stars on Acid

I’m so close to being done with the semester. I have one last exam. It’s for a great class, but the final exam is killing me. It’s a take home exam, which means it’s far harder than what we would be subjected to in an in class exam. Well, except maybe the Marine Reaction and Transport exam…that one really HURT! Of course the three extra credit questions rocked for me at least… the answers were SRV, Deep Purple and the Stones. Most of the younger students had no clue. I hope he does similar extra credit when I take his Marine Geology course.

This morning while procrastinating over my take home exam, I read and summarized a new bit of research from the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Researchers there worked with a brittle star that is common in the north sea sediments to determine how it would react to short to mid term exposures to a more acidic ocean. This is highly relevant since the ocean has been growing slowly more acidic, and a large number of marine invertebrates, including many commercially important ones, have shells, or exoskeletons of calcium carbonates. As the ocean pH goes down, those creatures will be stressed trying to maintain their shells.

Who is going to be affected? The list is long and distinguished – Corals, lobster, crabs, shrimp, oysters, clams, scallops, mussels, pteropods, sea stars, sea urchins, snails, conch, crinoids and lots more.  What’s more many of these creatures are very important because they are bio-engineers creating habitat (corals and oysters) or they filter the water and sediments to keep them clean (oysters, clams, mussels).  Many are also key species in the diet of other commercially and ecologically important species. Understanding how these organisms will react to acidification is important if we are going to have any hope of protecting the ecosystem we rely on for so much of our food let alone recreation and other uses. Check out the discussion at The Other 95% (that’s all the world without a backbone).

I have also added a critical review of Franklin’s The Most Important Fish in the Sea. It is a significantly shortened, readers digest version of a critical review submitted for one of my classes.

Edited: Replaced that wimpy hacked version of SRV’s Texas Flood with the full cut from the same concert that runs 9:34

Women Scientists

There is a meme out there for naming women scientists. Well with Johann’s scientists cards and his love of science history as well as science, we felt like playing along. So here are some of the scientists that we came up with, most of them off the top of our heads:

While most of these we came up with without resources, it helped for some of them that Johann has his “Scientist Trading Cards” list, which all of these ladies are on. I figure his lists are the equivalent to “class notes” for us. When we have time maybe we can do a part two… that and go back and hyperlink these to bio pages and lab pages. ed. Done!

Oh and for the record Penny Boston and Diana Northup have some of the coolest named study subjects (at least for Johann): Snottites and phlegm balls.

S’not funny. That’s what they study… no really.

Paleozoic tradition

A mating pair of horseshoe crabs continuing a 300 million year old tradition.

My son and I took a ride down to the Fort Rachel Marina at the end of the street today — his first long(ish) venture on his his new bike. On the way back from the marina we stopped at the tiny public boat launch that is shoehorned between a couple of buildings.

Every time we stop there we find something interesting. A few days ago while on our evening family walk we watched a black-capped night heron stalk, catch and eat a few small fish there. This time we were disappointed until we noticed a moving rock in the shallows. It turned out to be a mating pair of horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus). This is the time for them and the high tide was coming up fast, but it was really strange seeing them coming up in the boat launch. A narrow area of gravel, rock fill and silt, the female used her shell flange to clear rocks down to the silt layer, all while dragging the seaweed covered male along behind her.

Johann and I watched the pair of living fossils for about 15 minutes, talking about their ecology, biology and history all while they continued about two feet away from us. It was great since he was able to see the compound eyes very closeup, and see the hinged shell in action. It was also great to hear him tell me how they were relatives of the –now extinct — sea scorpion and that they are very special since they have survived for milions of years including the PT Dying — his name for what is known as the Permian-Triassic Extinction event in which 90% of Permian era marine species went extinct.

The picture above (poor as it is) is from about an hour later when we went back by there on our family walk. We could see about a half dozen spots where the female had cleared a “nest” to lay the eggs that will hatch out in 14—15 days. With any luck we will be able to catch a glimpse of the hatchlings in the next two to three weeks.

Palaeography

The British National Archives has a great section of their site with a tutorial on Palaeography — reading old handwriting, 1500 to 1800. (I thought I had found this by way of Journalisimo, or Moleskinerie, but I can’t seem to find it mentioned at either one now…maybe it was ??? ) Included in the lessons are a number of documents from their collection with interactive transcription tests. You are presented with the document line by line and given a text box to enter the transcription into, which is then checked for accuracy.

As I was exploring this, my 4 year old came over and thought it was a great game. He picked up his magnifying glass and started “helping” me make the transcriptions and asking me about the document. After explaining that these were images of very old writings and how writing has evolved over time, he caught right on — in fact he took over. Now his homepage includes links to the palaeogrphy page right beside Disney, PBSKids and Nick Jr.

We have turned the easier pages (a bit subversively) into a writing exercise. Johann is given the page to be transcribed (printed from the provided PDF) and then writes out each line in one of his notebooks. My wife or I then check his transcription, not so much for accuracy of the transcription as for his own letterforms.

It has turned into a wonderful tool, since he views it as a bit of detective work and enjoys the entire process. I was a little concerned at first that the old letterforms and spelling might be distracting or even undermine his own lettering. Fortunately, that has not proven to be the case. He already has a solid writing foundation and understands that these are old forms and no longer accepted in general writing. I do fear that we may have introduced him to ligatures a bit prematurely and may be seeing them in his own writing in the future — but is that really such a bad thing?

He is a bit thrown (as am I at times) by the interchangeable use of “u” and “v” or “i” and “j”. Some of the abbreviations — ommitting an “m” or “n” by putting a wavy line above the preceeding vowel — also give him a bit of a pause. Then again he does understand that “ye” is not “y” and “e” but is really the old english y-form of “Þ” and “e”. Þ (the character thorn) is pronounced “th”, so when we see “Ye” on modern signs they really mean “Þe” which is really “the” and is pronounced thē or thə not .

On a side note, am I mistaken or is there no SGML character entity for e-macron (ē) or schwa (ə) ?
Surely with their heavy use for liguistic purposes this is an oversight?

Nuts!

Oh, if only this could really take place! Varifrank has created a marvelous scenario in which Gen. McAuliffe comes back and gives the Washington press corps a what’s for. A very good read:

“Son, if you and yours in this room continue to give these people the mantle of legitimacy, then the men under my command who died back there in Bastone will have died in vain. The war against the enemy of mankind didn’t end in Berlin or Tokyo or Seoul, that war goes on today. That war is being fought by men and women every bit as brave as the men who I served with in the past.

“People are going to die in this war until someone says “I surrender”. If you are ready to surrender, I suggest you do so, for the rest of us, I have just one word for you:

Nuts!

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