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Tag Archives: oceanography

The Next Phase

What a difference two weeks makes! I had an opportunity at UCONN for my M.Sc., but with no financial support and working a project that is not related at all to what I want to study. When I turned that one down, which was in itself a scary – some might say stupid – move, I thought that would be the end of the road for grad school at UCONN. But then a surprise opportunity presented itself for graduate studies with another professor at UCONN. When I was applying I considered him, but he didn’t have funding available to support a new graduate student at that time. With the economic cutbacks no new department assistantships are available, so support is entirely up to the professors. The department is also requiring that advisors can provide proof of substantial support for any new grad students this year. Fortunately, Prof. A. was able to rearrange some of his funding so that he could provide a research assistantship. To say the least, I’m ecstatic about the opportunity: GIS, conservation, a smattering of policy and lots of fish (my focus being larval stages and recruits), and fish habitat.

The Johnson Sea Link II being deployed from the R/V Seward Johnson.

The Johnson Sea Link II being deployed from the R/V Seward Johnson for Life on the Edge 2005

Prof. A. is also with the National Underwater Research Center for the North Atlantic & Great Lakes at UCONN (NURC-NA&GL or just NURC for short). Working for NURC, I have had the opportunity to work with some amazing video footage from dives they have done with many different platforms, including Alvin out of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) and both the Johnson Sea Link I and Johnson Sea Link 2 (collectively “the JSLs”) manned research subs out of Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (HBOI). Unfortunately HBOI and Florida Atlantic University (FAU) have decided to retire the the Sea Link I and II and sell off their surface support vehicle, the R/V Seward Johnson. With depth ratings of 1000m these are two of the deeper diving vehicles in the U.S. science fleet. While the Alvin and Pisces V (out of Hawaii) both go far deeper, the JSLs are unique human operated vehicles (HOVs) for deep sea exploration with their distinctive full transparent acrylic sphere for the pilot and scientist. The sad thing is these are still highly productive vehicles (two of the youngest in the fleet) and there are no similar subs out there, in fact there are only about 16 manned research subs currently in operation world wide. It would especially be a shame if two of the research subs most suited to intermediate continental margin and continental shelf exploration were retired by the very same institution that was just selected as the lead institute for the Harbor Branch Consortium, which will be NOAA’s new cooperative institute. Two of their new primary missions will be “exploration and research of frontier regions of the eastern continental shelf and beyond, and improved understanding of deep and shallow coral ecosystems.” I would think this would be an excellent fit for the Sea Links. On a personal note, Alvin and the JSLs were inspirational to me when I was younger. I remember the National Geographic spreads from JSLs especially. To this day when someone says manned sub, my mind’s eye sees the Johnson Sea Link II* (Sorry Alvin!). Kevin also has a more powerful connection to the JSLs since he’s been down in them before (Check out the pic of Kevin in the bubble! Very Cool!). He also has a top ten list of JSL accomplishments, including over 1000 publications reliant on JSL.

Some people question the real need for manned submersibles, arguing that ROV’s like Hercules, Jason and Kraken II can do anything a manned vehicle can do, only better and safer. It’s a valid question, and one that needs to be repeatedly asked, especially as more advanced ROV’s designed from the ground up for science come on line. But my answer today is that there is a need for both of them still. ROVs can not go everywhere an HOV can, and their mobility and responsiveness are limited, compared to HOVs, by the ever-present tether to the mother ship. An ROV also lacks the ability to provide 3D visual-spatial analysis and true in-situ contextual observations which only a scientist and pilot on the spot can provide, at least with todays technology. ROV’s while extremely capable are still a telepresence technology, and many of those that have used both HOVs and ROVs, such as Dr. Craig McClain at Deep Sea News, attest that something significant is lost in that translation.

These experiences combined to give me a first hand knowledge of an environment, that previously I had only studied remotely. I studied the deep sea for three years before my first deep dive and my understanding, although incomplete, of this environment has radically changed since those dives in the JSL.

Perhaps more important, these manned submersibles stir the imaginations of young minds, leading them, like me, to dream abut exploring the sea, maybe one day sitting in awe within a submersible 1 kilometer below the surface, surrounded by organisms we are still only beginning to comprehend fully.

Please help us let those in control of the JSLs fate aware of the JSLs importance to science and to our ability to understand the seas and stir the imaginations of the young explorers in our midst. Young explorers like Johann. Please GO SIGN A PETITION TO STOP THEIR LOSS.

So, a bit more on the new NOAA Cooperative Institute, since that also directly affects my future. NURC-NA&GL, along with all the other NURC centers, are NOAA supported, non-federal organizations under NOAA’s National Undersea Research Program (NURP). NURC-NA&GL’s mission is as a center for excellence in research related to the North Atlantic and Great Lakes region. They work with NOAA scientists on long term research goals including developing oceanographic research technologies (such as the Kraken II), fisheries and conservation research, historical site identification and documentation along with major outreach efforts. They are also tasked with Postdoc and graduate student training to provide the next generation of oceanographers. Unfortunately NURC-NA&GL may lose all NOAA funding with the establishment of the new center at HBOI, as it will replace the four existing East Coast NURC centers, including the one at UCONN. Personally I think cutting support for the existing centers is a mistake, even though the new Cooperative Institute sounds wonderful.

So my summer and the next two years are set, sort of. There are still some questions (second year funding, nailing down the thesis topic, now that we have health insurance, do we have another baby, etc., etc.), but at least the path forward is clear enough to begin charging down it! The summer will be hectic, split between two projects for NURC (video and GIS outreach products for high school teachers and students to use and possibly video highlights from a recent deep sea cruise), two projects for Prof. A. (both habitat related), a cruise for Prof. A, and then the remainder of my time will be dedicated to finishing up an outreach book and cards for grades K-12+ on molluscs. Whew!

4473*Johann pointed out that even Playmobil recognizes the JSLs and their full sphere compartments as the iconic submersible.

What is your iconic research submersible? Is it Human operated or remote?

Whatever it is, please do Sign the petition to keep the JSLs operating.

Check out the Deep Sea News collection of JSL videos.


Winter Build

<a href="http://www.instructables.com/id/Underwater_ROV/">Underwater ROV</a> - an <a href="http://www.instructables.com/">instructable</a> by <a href="http://www.instructables.com/member/SpaceShipOne/">SpaceShipOne</a>

While the gents at Deep Sea News get time on some of the best manned and remotely operated vehicles out there, the rest of us don’t have to sit it completely out. I think some time this winter Tammy and Johann and I will build a homebrew ROV to explore some of the local shores. Maybe we can find some of the stomatopods that live in the Mystic estuary for a test cruise.

MATE 2008 – Hydrothermal Homeschool

The Marine Advanced Technology Education (MATE) ROV Competition is an annual competition of High School and undergraduate college teams to design an underwater ROV and complete a simulated mission using their ROV in a controlled environment (think swimming pool). This year the mission (pdf) was to deploy an ROV to a hydrothermal vent system at a depth of 2500m and recover an instrument package buried in sediment and lava (2lb soft dive weights) by recent volcanic eruptions, collect three lava samples and take temperature readings from a vent outflow (PVC pipe with hot water flowing out).

There were regional and national qualifying competitions leading up to the final competition at UCSD. In the New England regional competition the New York City Home Educators Association (NYCHEA) came in close second to Blue Hills Technical High School of Canton Mass., in the 12volt powered Ranger class (as reported in the June 2008 Marine Technology Reporter article). Both teams advanced to the UCSD international finals where the NYCHEA team walked away with a hotly contested Ranger class. Only 10.4 points separated NYCHEA’s winning score of 386.8 points and the fifth place finisher; less than 2 points separated NYCHEA and the second place Edgewater High School team from Florida.

Saving the Deep

alvin.3.523dpi-thumb.jpg

The Alvin on deployment — one of the submersibles used
on the Sea Mounts along with the Hercules and Argus
tandem ROV system.
Image from mpi-bremen.de

From Deep Sea News comes a post that is right on time for me. Deep Sea News is a science blog run by a Post-Doc from MBARI, a research assistant from TAMU-Corpus Christi and a Graduate Student at Penn State. They cover all things Deep Sea (below 1000m).

One might think that’s a lot to cover…in a way it is, considering that almost 80% of the earth’s ecosystems, by volume, is deep sea (1000m or deeper), but…the truth is we have only explored less than 1% of that area. Even 48 years after the Triest reached the deepest spot in the sea.

I am fortunate to work with a professor at Avery Point who has explored part of the deep sea ecosystem. He focused his attention on the sea mounts that form a chain from the continental shelf of eastern North America to the mid-Atlantic Ridge then on to the Azore Islands. These sea mounts may act as “islands” in the deep sea that intermediate depth deep sea, bottom dwelling fish (those that live between 200m and 4000m depths) use as stepping stones across the much deeper abyssal plains. During a recent cruise his team documented 7 new deep sea octocoral species in 10 days of diving. I have seen some of the video from that cruise, along with pictures of what a trawled zone looks like before and after the trawl. I hope that a ban on dep sea trawls comes to pass since the trawlers now have the capability to reach over 2km down and leave scars across the bottom that stretch for kilometers.

Before he heads to Rome for an FAO meeting on limiting deep sea trawling, I have to meet with him for a new HD video editing project I will be doing with him about cephalopods. Hopefully I will also be able to work with him on some future deep sea video surveying work as well. The ultimate would be deep sea cephalopod behavior and ecology studies!! (or mangroves… but there are few cephalopods in the mangroves.)

Journey to the Deep

Jan. 23, 1960: Journey to the Deepest Place on Earth: “Its dive into the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the trench, was made, according to a Navy press release, ‘to demonstrate that the United States possesses the capability for manned exploration of the sea down to the deepest part of its floor.’”

(Via Wired.com)

For me that’s a very cool thing to have had happen on your birthday. Unfortunately even today, 48 years later, much of the world ocean remains largely unexplored. It’s expensive and potentially very dangerous, but unlike space exploration there is little attention paid to it beyond the community of scientists and explorers that are directly involved. Almost half a century ago today we reached the very bottom of the seas, the deepest spot (relative to sea level), ironically as we remember the first man to reach the highest spot on earth (again relative to sea level), a feat achieved only 7 years prior to the Challenger Deep dive. I love the fact that if everest were somehow dumped into the Mariana Trench at the Challenger Deep, it would still have over two kilometers of blue ocean above it.

While not much of an exploration, as a bit of a birthday present to myself, I will get an orientation class on a rebreather our DSO got ahold of for tomorrow. How awesome would it be to do long term mangrove and reef behavior studies and transects with no bubbles influencing the animals.

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